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Conflicting Value Systems in Everyman, Dr Faustus and Hamlet

Conflicting Value Systems in Everyman, Dr Faustus and Hamlet Conflicting value systems are always around, especially where death is involved. So in the tragedies of Everyman, Doctor Faustus and Hamlet there are many conflicts to face. These include personal moral conflicts with individual characters of the plays and also opposing values between the different characters in the play. Conflicting value systems may even stretch to how the audience interprets the play and the beliefs and culture at the time. In Everyman, we can see that the character Everyman faces a moral dilemma as God summons Everyman by offering Death to take him as his own. This creates to conflicting value systems. One is whether Everyman†¦show more content†¦There are inner moral dilemmas for all of the characters involved, as each of them have to fight with their conscience in order to make the right decisions. We can also find conflicting values in the religion of the play. Everyman is a Christian play in which God is seen as manipulative and vengeful, though heaven is seen as a good place. Now shalt thou into the heavenly sphere, Unto which all ye shall come That liveth well before the day of doom. (l.899-901) This alone shows a conflicting value within the play. Also, people of other religions would like to see God as a different figure and they may not believe in Heaven and a Hell. A Catholic would be able to do many bad deeds, yet would still be allowed to enter the Kingdom of Heaven if he had repented of his sins, and so because of this the audience could see the whole play as having conflicting value systems. In fact the whole audience could be in conflict. The play shows two different value systems within the moral argument. Everyman doesnt always make the right choices, after facing conflicting dilemmas with his mind. Towards the end of the play he feels weak and is ready to give up, he even talks about sinning. Alas I am so faint I may not stand; My limbs under me doth fold. Friends let us not turn again to this land, Not for all the worlds gold; For into this cave I must creep And turn to earth, and there to sleep. (l.788-793) The play also shows the

Professional Communication in Nursing for Principles of Care

Question: Discuss about the Professional Communication in Nursing for Principles of Care. Answer: Introduction Communication is a technique used to pass information and construe meaning in our everyday life. It is the exchange of message between individuals. There are different methods of communication including speaking, listening, writing and reading; all of which are forms of verbal communication. In addition, gestures, body language and paintings are other methods of passing across information; these are non-verbal methods of communication. Just like social conversations are important, therapeutic conversations as they help build relationships between the nurses and the patients. Therapeutic communication is a mutual interaction between these two parties during which the nurses major on the particular needs of their patients and promote an effectual sharing of information (Arnold and Boggs, 2011). The nurses employ therapeutic communication skills as they attempt to give new messages, correct misinformation and boost patients understanding of their health problems, inquire into options fo r care, aid patients to make choices and promote the well-being of patients. The essence of curative communication is to proffer the patients a chance to perceive the signified meaning of their disease and comprehending and offering information and emotional assistance that each patient needs to achieve level best health (Webb, 2011). Therefore, curative communication is dissimilar to social interactions. Background Information Nurses communicate with the patients and their family members in order to achieve devotional care and excellent results of patient care. Communication enables the nurses to not only care about the patients diagnosed disease but also, every need and facet of the clients they interact with. Arnold and Boggs (2011) posit that scientific knowledge is not the only requisition in the nursing profession. A lot more is of essence including intellectual, interpersonal and technical skills and abilities. According to the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (2014), professional communication is an integral factor in all aspects of nursing care and particularly, it is a vital element in almost all the nursing interventions including therapy, treatment, prevention, education, rehabilitation and promotion of health. Besides, the wholesome work of caring for the sick is attained through an interpersonal state of affairs, through dialogue and also with definitive skills of both non-verbal and v erbal communication (Webb, 2011). There exists some contention between the somewhat low degree of patient contentment and the daedal nursing profession and the ultimate outcome of the nursing process is an issue that has been observed across many nations in the entire globe (Kozier et al., 2014). Research has indicated that this phenomenon comes as a result of a poor client-nurse interpersonal communication process. Thus, as Webb (2011) observes, an admirable nurse- client communication is fundamental for the satisfactory outcome of singularized caring of each client. Sully, Dallas and Dawsonera (2010) note that to accomplish this, professional nurses are highly recommended to first of all understand and thereafter aid their clients demonstrating sincerity, courtesy and goodness. Nurses should dedicate time for communication with their clients, upholding the requisite confidentiality. Thesis statement: Appropriate communication techniques enable the nurses to build therapeutic relationships with patients which contribute to the holistic care and optimal patient outcomes. This essay will highlight the concept of professional communication in nursing and its importance in achieving personal-centred care and effective documentation. Scenario: This essay uses the case of a male patient, R. N., 63 years old. He complains about a few health issues. He is eager to better his health by engaging in regular exercise, right dieting and change of lifestyle. Personal-Centred Care As a principle, personal-centred care provides an assumption that the nurse would work with the patients outlook of his or her own situation, in addition to that which is indicated by a medical diagnosis (Kozier et al., 2014). In line with this, from the reference case above, it is evident that R. Ns greatest interest is to improve his health through regular physical activity, right dieting and definition of positive changes to his current way of life. On this regard, as a key constituent in the various models already designed by nurse academicians to aid the nurses who practice to apply person centred care, the nurse to who N. R presented himself should get to know him individually. In addition, the nurse should be as responsive as possible as he provides worthwhile care including giving N. R advice on healthy dieting, regular exercising and general healthy living. For instance, just like he makes time to hang out with his daughter, grandchildren and friends, the nurse should ask him to try and find time for regular physical activity. And on dieting, he can send him to see a registered dietician. The nurse should respect N. Rs needs, preferences and values like in this case, religion; N. R is a Buddhist. The nurse should endeavour to foster trusting caregiving relations, giving a lot of emphasis on his freedom of choice. For instance, the nurse can commend him for quitting smoking and perhaps offer him with the option of nicotine replacement therapy because the patient reports on missing not having his cigarettes. Another appropriate advice would be cutting on his alcohol intake. If possible, the nurse should involve N. Rs daughter and grandchildren as would be appropriate. By doing this, the nurse would show how much he respects N. Rs strongest interests in his own experience health and needs as the patient. Doing this would make N. R view himself as being cardinal in the nursing and caring process. According to the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (2014), the adoption of truthful person-centred care is an important observable phenomenon in practice of professional nursing While Lloyd, Hancock and Campbell (2011) point out that this principle asks for skills and coincidentally the open motives of the nurse to figure out what the concern of the patient is, Arnold Boggs (2011) agree with their line of thought when they note that it is not sufficient enough to only understand the client conveying an acceptable message equally essential. This principle cogitates that there is a focus on the liaison between the nurse and the patient in the unified therapeutic process. Effective Documentation Thesis: Different documents used across the nursing care plan play a vital function in passing across information requisite to the present and continuous care of patients. It is essential in building a therapeutic relationship between the nurses and the patients. When the communication role of documentation hinders the conveyance of information and, advances the outpouring of spill over events which accrue to patient safety compromise and possibly detrimental patient outlooks thus; poor therapeutic relationship. These documents also serve as legal records. Scenario: As a record or report of activities surrounding nursing care and, as a way of building a curative relationship, N. Rs documentation would include his medical record including change in his medical condition, the administration of any medical tests, procedures, treatment of underlying conditions and patient education with his response to all of them. N. Rs documentation would also include his response to any proposed intervention, an appraisal of the predicted result and any dissatisfaction from him or his family. It would also contain a legal record which protects not only him but also the practitioner and the institution. According to the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (2014), the principle of effective documentation has evolved as an upshot to the measures of the practice of medicine, regulatory and legal standards, institutional policies and norms of the society. In line with this, Kangasniemi, Pakkanen and Korhonen (2015) agree that effective documentation is integral in building a therapeutic relationship. Conclusion In summary, communication in itself is an elemental attribute of human nature. It suffices to say that communication is always unidirectional. As a fundamental composition of the longstanding creation of Hippocratic medical science, communication is not only established on the primary ability that changes from one individual to the other but it is based on the requisite training and the acquired experience during ones career (Kozier et al., 2014). The resultant outcome of this is a show of profound understanding of the clients with higher gain to them and, with individual contentment to the nurse for having done a good job. Furthermore, professional communication makes better the care given to the patients. Moreover, it is carefully weighed as a non-negotiable right and a requirement for developing a bona fide relation between the nurses and the patients not excluding other professionals in the health sector (Speziale Carpenter, 2011). References Arnold, E., Boggs, K. U. (2011). Interpersonal relationships: Professional communication skills for nurses. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier/ Saunders. Burns, N., Grove, S. K. (2010). Understanding Nursing Research- eBook: Building an Evidence-Based Practice. Place of publication not identified. Kangasniemi, M., Pakkanen, P., Korhonen, A. (2015). Professional ethics in nursing: an integrative review.Journal of advanced nursing,71(8), 1744-1757. Kozier, B., Erb, G. L., Berman, A., Snyder, S., Levett-Jones, T., Dwyer, T. (2014). Kozier and Erbs Fundamentals of Nursing Volumes 1-3 Australian Edition eBook. Melbourne: P.Ed Australia. Lloyd, H., Hancock, H., Campbell, S. (2011). Vital Notes for Nurses: Principles of Care. Chicester: John Wiley Sons. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. (2014). Nurse and Midwife Registrant Data: March 2014. Schuster, C. R., Schuster, P., Nykolyn, L. (2010). Communication for Nurses: How to Prevent Harmful Events and promote Patient safety. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Co. Speziale, H. S., Carpenter, D. R. (2011). Qualitative research in nursing: Advancing the humanistic imperative. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/ Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Sully, P., Dallas, J., Dawsonera. (2010). Essential communication skills for nursing and midwifery. Edinburgh: Mosby Elsevier. Webb, L. (2011). Nursing: Communication skills in practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Cultural Identity & Cultural Differences Free-Samples for Students

Question: Understand your cultural Identity and AppreciateCultural Differences. Answer: 1.Understanding cultural identity appreciating cultural differences International human relations in the modern world are possible because of several reasons such as the interactions during foreign studies, business meetings and business acquiring. Communication is perhaps one of those potential barriers, which acts as a barrier to education and business in foreign countries. The barrier is mainly because of different languages that are spoken in different countries and the prevalence of different cultures. The barrier to different languages is resolvable with the help of some modern day alternatives such as language translator or interpreter (Moran, Abramson and Moran 2014). However, the differences in cultures have so far no answers from the modern world. This is quite evident in some cases such as employees working in foreign companies. They tend to have several issues in adjusting with the new environment. Racism is another strain, which is a strong barrier for the assimilation of different cultures. Hofstede did also highlight these cultural iss ues, which are classified as Hofstedes Six Dimensions of Culture. The main components of the theory are as follows (Carbaugh 2013): Power Distance Index (high versus low) Individualism Versus Collectivism Masculinity Versus Femininity Uncertainty Avoidance Index (high versus low) Pragmatic Versus Normative Indulgence Versus Restraint The six dimensions, which Hofstede has identified protects one from being assimilated with the different people with different cultures. For example, Individualism encourages self-intelligence over teamwork. Person with this quality does not like being in the team; however, it is highly recommended that company should have various team works for a collective workforce. Moreover, it also drives success with the help of collective skills in the form of teamwork. Even, I have come crossed several cultural conflicts such as at the educational place when I was there for the higher studies. I found it difficult to adjust with the changed cultures. I had to work hard on getting assimilated with the people with different cultures at the workplace. The differences in cultures is ot any issue but the problem lies in such mentalities that disrespect people with other culture. The similar thing had happened to me while I was in UK. I had been sent to the country for some project; however, noting was that easy for me there. They were professional but they have high respects for their cultures only. This affected my performance being in UK because I found it tough to come closer to the other employees. The feeling of cultural differences is very hard to resolve. It just requires a proper nurturing of the kids from their early ages. Cultural biases have its roots in the long list generations, which is hard to resolve by just doing some minor changes. It really requires some bold move and huge changes in the societal background, which could nurture the kids under a more advanced contemporary society that knows no differences in different cultures. Learning of different cultures The unfamiliarity to the different kinds of cultures is a barrier to understand the different communication appropriately. The more one gets familiar with the different cultures the more it comes closer to them. The assimilation with the different cultures narrows down the gap in between the different cultures (Jensen 2013). This is very important as it helps understand and establish an effective communication in between people of different cultures. For example, if someone from India gets closer to the UK people, it just helps understand the mentality of their people. This is very handful in coming closer to them, celebrating moment of joys with them and participating in their cultural events. Understanding and realizing the different cultures is a good resource to improve the communication barrier in between them (Kinloch Metge 2014). Academic learning This is one of the best resources for learning the different cultures and being acquainted with their communication. Good universities should include different cultural related activities in their curriculum. The curriculum should well include the variety of different cultures from across the globe. This is very helpful in making them closer to the different cultures. This is also important and useful as different students go to abroad to have some higher studies. This is when the utilization of cultural awareness comes into play. The abroad universities and the degree colleges have a variety of different cultures from different corner of world integrated at just one place. The more a person gets closer to the different cultures the less would be there any confusion on understanding the different cultures. The clashes at the educational places are common; however, this may have some otherwise reasons also such as racism. Nevertheless, the integration with different cultures provide r especting ethics in the inner part, which is the utmost requirement for a peaceful environment having diverse range of cultures integrated to one place (Tomalin and Stempleski 2013). Different people under one society It is also an undeniable fact different nature of people exists under one society. For example, India is such a country that has varied range of different cultures such as Hindus, Muslims, Christians and Punjabis. Nevertheless, the problem related to communication does also persist in such society. Sometimes they are also involved in different kinds of communication conflict. The never dying communication conflicts in between different cultures in India has been reduced to some extent because most educated peoples have now concerns for their business or works. However, the communication in between different cultures is still missing, which is simply because those peoples have less respect to other cultures. Nevertheless, this also validates the point that cultural understanding and the respect for the same is of utmost urgency to minimise the communication barrier (Bochner 2013). Conclusion Communication is a quintessential part of life, which can only be made easier if it is tried with some sheer commitments. The integration with the different cultures is of utmost requirement especially to that nation, which has more cultural conflicts. Nevertheless, cultural awareness and its values help develop effective communication skills. Reference Bochner, S. ed., 2013.Cultures in contact: Studies in cross-cultural interaction(Vol. 1). Elsevier. Carbaugh, D., 2013.Cultural communication and intercultural contact. Routledge. Jensen, K.B. ed., 2013.A handbook of media and communication research: Qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Routledge. Kinloch, P., Metge, J. 2014.Talking past each other: Problems of cross cultural communication. Victoria University Press. Moran, R.T., Abramson, N.R. and Moran, S.V., 2014.Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Tomalin, B. and Stempleski, S., 2013.Cultural awareness. Oxford University Press.